John Paul II grounds devotion to Mary in God’s choice to unite the Son’s human identity to her and in her cooperation with the work of Redemption. At the Cross, Jesus gives Mary a maternal relationship to humanity, so accepting her into Christian life continues Christ’s own love for his mother. The Gospels, the Magnificat, early Christian witnesses such as Ignatius of Antioch, and the writings of Justin and Irenaeus show that this devotion belongs to the Church’s earliest faith. Their image of Mary as the “new Eve” links her obedience with the undoing of the first woman’s disobedience. The Council of Ephesus’s confirmation of the title Theotókos in 431 expresses this established belief and accompanies wider veneration, imitation, intercession, and liturgical celebrations such as the Assumption and Nativity. The Second Vatican Council places Mary in a unique position of honour after her Son as Mother of God, while postconciliar renewal seeks to express devotion in dialogue with modern cultures and in closer connection with the Church’s mission and believers’ daily lives.