John Chrysostom expounds Paul’s anguish over Israel, presenting the Apostle’s oath and willingness to be accursed from Christ as the measure of a sacrificial love directed both toward his people’s salvation and toward the honour of God, whose covenants, promises, Law, and lineage of Christ seem threatened by Israel’s rejection. Physical descent from Abraham does not by itself constitute sonship: Isaac’s birth through promise prefigures the spiritual rebirth of believers through God’s word and baptism. Chrysostom then addresses the apparent injustice of God’s choice, interpreting Jacob and Esau, Pharaoh, and the potter-and-clay image as revelations of divine sovereignty that exceed human judgment. God’s mercy is not earned by human effort, while those who harden themselves bear responsibility for their ruin; divine patience aims at repentance. Hosea and Isaiah are invoked to show that Gentiles once regarded as “not His people” are called God’s children, while only a faithful remnant of Israel is saved. The “short way” of faith—confessing Jesus as Lord and believing in his resurrection—brings righteousness and salvation. Gentiles attain this righteousness through faith, whereas Israel stumbles over Christ by seeking justification through the works of the Law rather than trusting God’s promise.