The question of why God allows suffering and evil is deeply rooted in the Christian understanding of the human condition and divine providence. The Catholic Church teaches that suffering is a part of the human experience, stemming from both our finitude and the accumulation of sin throughout history. This perspective emphasizes that while suffering is an inevitable aspect of life, it can also serve a greater purpose within God's plan.

1. The Mystery of Evil: The existence of evil and suffering is acknowledged as a profound mystery. The Catechism of the Catholic Church states that the goodness of creation, the drama of sin, and God's patient love all contribute to understanding why evil exists. It emphasizes that no single aspect of the Christian message can fully answer this question, but collectively they provide insight into the nature of evil and suffering in the world1.

2. Suffering as a Means of Redemption: Pope John Paul II, in his encyclical Salvifici Doloris, explains that suffering is not merely an experience of evil but can be transformed through Christ's redemptive suffering. He asserts that Christ's Passion gives suffering a profound meaning, allowing believers to find hope and salvation through their own suffering when united with Christ2. This transformation is seen as a way for individuals to participate in the mystery of redemption, revealing their dignity and mission3.

3. God's Presence in Suffering: The Church teaches that God does not abandon humanity in suffering. Instead, He enters into human suffering through the Incarnation and the Passion of Christ. This divine presence offers believers the strength to endure suffering and to find meaning in it, as they are reminded that their pain can lead to spiritual growth and a deeper relationship with God45.

4. Hope Amidst Suffering: The notion of hope is central to the Christian response to suffering. Pope Benedict XVI emphasizes that while efforts should be made to alleviate suffering, complete eradication is beyond human capability due to the persistent presence of sin and evil. However, through faith, believers can maintain hope that God can bring good from evil, even if the reasons remain unclear in this life67.

5. The Role of Faith: Ultimately, the Catholic faith teaches that understanding suffering requires a holistic view of God's love and the promise of eternal life. The belief that God can draw greater good from evil is a source of comfort and strength for believers, encouraging them to trust in God's providence87.

In summary, the Catholic Church teaches that suffering and evil exist as part of the human condition, intertwined with the mystery of sin and God's redemptive plan. While the reasons for suffering may not always be clear, faith provides the assurance that God is present in suffering and can bring about good from it.